Deformation and Densification Study of Titanium Powder Compact during Powder Forging Using Gurson and Gurson-Tvergaard Criterion

Abstract

Powder forging is a recently developed manufacturing process to produce low cost titanium components with superior properties. Conventional P/M techniques such as compaction and sintering have proved inadequate for producing dense and high performance titanium components, while forging still remains a primary process in the manufacturing of high performance titanium components. A numerical simulation of powder compact forging would increase our understanding of the flow behaviour of material in the forging die. In this study, a 2D FEM coupled thermal displacement model was used for analysing deformation and densification of a powder compact during upset forging. Simulations were performed using the Gurson and Gurson-Tvergaard material models, to predict the densification behaviour at three different forging temperatures and the results were compared with radio-graphically obtained density results. The influence of parameters such as friction, heat transfer and material flow is discussed with respect to relative density.