Carbon Nanostructures Production from Waste Materials: A Review

Abstract

Research innovation in finding new carbon sources for carbon nanostructures material production was intensively done lately. In this review, we present the production of carbon nanostructures such as carbon fibers, nanotubes, nanowhiskers, microspheres and porous carbon from several waste materials. The benefit of the use of waste materials such as waste cooking palm oil, chicken fat, waste natural oil, glycerol, printed circuit board, plastic wastes, waste engine oil, scrap tyre, heavy oil residue and deoiled asphalt is not only in the term of their environmentally friendly approach but also the economic value to reduce the high cost of carbon material production using common sources. On the other hand, these materials are easy access sources and can be alternative utilization to convert waste materials into high value nanomaterials.