Preparation and Characterization of Biological Hydroxyapatite (HAp) Obtained from Tilapia Fish Bone

Abstract

Hydroxyapatite, (HAp), Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2, is recognised as biomaterial that widely used for orthopedics due to its similar to the inorganic component of human bone and enamel .The elements of HAp are primarily calcium and phosphorous, with a stoichiometric calcium to phosphorous ratio of 1.67 capable of promoting bone growth. Enormous amounts of by-product wastes from fishery factory lead to generating an undesirable environmental impact. Thus, this study was conducted to obtain biological natural HAp extracted from tilapia fish bones from fishery factory. Therefore, fish bone can be as cheap resource to produce HAp and crucial contributions in medical application. The fish bones of tilapia were boiled at 100°C to remove adhere meat and other impurities. Later, were milled for 1 h to form fine powder. The powder was calcined at temperature of 800° C and 1000° C for 3h respectively. The XRD result revealed the presence derived HAp and coherent with Joint Committee on Powder Diffraction Powder Standard data and the Thermo Gravimetric Analysis was carried out to show the thermal stability of the HAp powder. SEM results shown hexagonal particle sHApe obtained from HAp powder. The findings present a promising future regarded on producing high added value product such as hydroxyapatite (Ca/P ratio 1.757) from fishery wastes beneficial to medical application.