A Review of Potential Ferrous Metal Lathe Waste as A Raw Material of LiFePO4

Abstract

Lathe waste is one of the wastes products of metal processing in the metal-turning industry. The most content of lathe waste is a ferrous (Fe) metal, which, if disposed of into the environment, can cause environmental pollution. Fe metal from lathe waste can be used as a Fe precursor in LiFePO4 synthesis. The extraction of Fe from the lathe waste can be done by the leaching method using acid as the leaching agent. The recovered compounds have great potential to be used as Fe precursors for the LiFePO4 synthesis. The selection of leaching agent was based on considerations of the price, the effectiveness of Fe extraction, and the advanced recovery process from Fe extraction. The LiFePO4 synthesis process can be carried out using co-precipitation, hydrothermal, and sol-gel. LiFePO4 material characterization was carried out to test the yield of the material produced. Synthesized materials were done to test the characteristics by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and X-Ray Diffractometer (XRD) analysis. SEM analysis aims to describe the shape and particle size of the material in three dimensions. Meanwhile, XRD analysis aims to characterize the material's crystal structure and crystal size by using the Lattice Parameter value. The electrochemical test aims to test electrochemistry to test the capacity of charge/discharge, efficiency, and lithium-ion batteries' stability. The resulting battery capacity from the three methods is close to the theoretical capacity of LiFePO4, which is 170 mAh/g.