Perovskite Nanocomposite Layers Engineering for Efficient and Stable Solar Cells

Abstract

Recently, perovskite nanocomposites have attracted much ‎attention as active layers due to the relatively high stable efficiency of solar cells based on them. In this ‎paper, we study perovskite nanocomposite layers based on ‎semiconductive/nonconductive molecules or polymers, their deposition methods, properties, and ‎influence on the device performance. We have found that the quality of the ‎perovskite layer (morphology and crystallinity, cross-linked grains, trap states density, as well as ‎conductivity and charge carrier mobility) is strongly affected by various factors ‎related to the additive: such as type (i. e. semiconductive or nonconductive, ‎molecule or polymer), chemical structure (backbone length and ‎molecular weight, functional groups, π system, side chains, donating atoms and basicity), amount,‎ solubility, conductivity, photoactivity, polarity, hydrophobicity, and addition methods. Due to the small amounts added, these additives can lead to slight changes in energy levels, bandgap (Eg), and light absorption ‎properties. Ultimately, using the suitable deposition method and additive at an optimal amount can ‎greatly improve the stability and efficiency of the devices and reduce ‎hysteresis.