Effectiveness Study of Using HAp Milkfish Bone to Synthesize Ag₃PO₄with Ion-Exchange Method for Methylene Blue Degradation

Abstract

The development of Ag3PO4 photocatalyst for dye waste treatment is necessary because of its superiority compared to other materials. In this research, Ag3PO4 was synthesized with AgNO3 and HAp from milkfish bones. Syntesis was done by simple ion-exchange method. In this research, composition of AgNO3:HAp are 1:0.1; 1:0.3; and 1:0.5 to determine the optimum composition. Based on XRD results, it shows that ion-exchange process between phosphate ions from HAp milkfish bones and Ag+ from AgNO3 was imperfect. It was shown from the presence of HAp peaks in synthesis results. Furthermore, the diffraction pattern showed that AgNO3:HAp 1:0.1 composition has the best cristalinity. Based on SEM characterization, it shows that all compositions have majority shape as spherical and small part at AgNO3/HAp 1:0.5 composition has nanorod morphology. It was also known that material with composition of AgNO3:HAp 1:0.1; 1:0.3 and 1:0.5 have average size are 100.76 nm, 92.31 nm and 107.51. From UV-Vis spectroscopy data processing, it represent the value of direct band gap of material is 3.83 eV and the value of indirect band gap is 3.6 eV. It also shows the degradation value of methylene blue with the best value was shown in AgNO3:HAp 1:0.3 composition with 47.4%.