Crystallinity of Nanocellulose and its Application in Polymer Composites: A Short Review

Abstract

There are various different types of nanocellulose such as nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC), nanocrystal cellulose (NCC), and nanocrystal sphere (NCS). Each nanocellulose contains ordered nanocrystallites and low-ordered nano domains (amorphous). Nanocellulose can be used in several different applications such as coating for a wearable sensor device, film for supercapacitors, flexible fire-resistant foams for architecture, manufactory, and aerospace. All of these were made, following some chemical and mechanical processes. Some nanocellulose has a highly crystalline structure that has the potential to improve mechanical properties for industrial applications. Therefore, the present review compiles the most recent information on nanocellulose crystallinity influence on the polymer composites. In this review, the crystallinity of nanocellulose from different sources is discussed. The preparation of several nanocrystals cellulose via chemical treatment, particularly cellulose hydrolysis are described. It can be concluded that , the cellulose crystalline structure as filler or reinforce was responsible for the improvement of polymer matrix properties.