Mathematical modeling and analysis of Phytoplankton–Zooplankton–Nanoparticle dynamics

Abstract

In this paper, we investigate the population dynamics of phytoplankton–zooplankton–nanoparticle model with diffusion and density dependent death rate of predator. The functional response of predator in this model is considered as Beddington–DeAngelis type. The stability analysis of the equilibrium points is observed by applying the Routh–Hurwitz criterion. Numerical simulations are given to illustrate the theoretical results.