3D model of the Turka quarry

Abstract

The aim of this work is to study the Turka quarry using terrestrial laser scanning, as well as to build a 3D model of the object. Method. The study of the outcrop was carried out with terrestrial laser scanning. The article describes the principles of operation of laser sensors and provides a classification of error sources. It also emphasizes the importance of achieving the maximum accuracy specified by scanner manufacturers. The location of the researched object. The studied quarry is located on the northern outskirts of the city of Turka, Lviv region. From the geological point of view, the object is situated in the Outer Ukrainian Carpathians that belong to the Carpathian mountain system. The inactive quarry is structurally confined to the north-western part of the Krosno nappe of the Ukrainian Carpathians. The characteristic Turka (Krosno) type of cross-section of the Oligocene-Miocene age is exposed in the walls of the quarry. This is a layering of massive packs of gray fine-grained sandstones with argillites and siltstones which are broken with joints. The joints are filled with longitudinal, transverse and differently oriented veins. They are often wedged out. Their thickness ranges from a few mm to 55 mm or more. Slickensides and leaching are observed along the cracks. The research results make it possible to analyze the geological structure without being directly near the object. The paper provides a workflow diagram of the terrestrial scanning workflow. This includes object reconnaissance, establishing and determining the coordinates of reference and control points. It also involves performing terrestrial 3D scanning, photographing an object, creating a cloud of points based on laser scanning data, developing a mash model based on point clouds and digital images. The accuracy of the mash model was defined by comparison of the coordinates of the control points obtained from the mash model and tacheometric survey. The absolute spatial difference does not exceed five centimeters. The scientific novelty and practical significance are in the creation of a virtual model of the Turka quarry. For the first time, terrestrial laser scanning technology was used for the research of this object. As a result, a 3D model was obtained, which can be used for further research in the field of geology, in particular structural geology, sedimentology, mineral reserve calculations and geotourism.