FORAGE YIELD AND COMPOSITION OF BLACK OAT IN MONOCULTURE AND IN ASSOCIATION WITH WINTER VETCH

Abstract

Associated grass-legume pastures have advantages over grass monoculture; in order to evaluate them the association of black oat (Avena strigosa Schreb) with winter vetch (Vicia villosa Roth) was analysed. The objective of the study was to evaluate forage yield, the botanical, morphological, and chemical composition of black oat in monoculture and in association with winter vetch, at different crop heights and residual stubble heights. Eighteen treatments were evaluated in randomized complete blocks with divided plots. In large plots, the culture type (monoculture or association); and in small plots, nine harvest management options (combinations) of three crop heights (Ch: 40, 50 and 60 cm) and three residual stubble heights (Rsh: 8, 14 and 20 cm). Forage yield was higher (p ≤ 0.05) in Ch50-Rsh8, Ch60-Rsh8 and Ch60-Rsh14 during the second crop cycle, with an average 8555 kg DM ha-1. In monoculture and in association, more cuts were made (three to four) with Ch40-Rsh14 and Ch40-Rsh20 and fewer cuts (one to two) with Ch60-Rsh8, Ch60-Rsh14 and Ch60-Rsh20. Crude protein concentration was 19 % higher (p ≤ 0.05) in monoculture than in association (19.2 and 16.2 %); the highest concentrations (p ≤ 0.05) of crude protein were obtained in Ch40-Rsh8, Ch40-Rsh14 and Ch40-Rsh20 (average 20.5 %), and the lowest was recorded in Ch60-Rsh8 (13.2 %). The forage with the least neutral detergent fibre (p ≤ 0.05) was harvested in Ch40-Rsh8, Ch40-Rsh14 and Ch50-Rsh14 (average 43.4 %), and the highest (49.3 %) was obtained in Ch60-Rsh20. In monoculture and in association, a greater amount of forage was harvested, distributed in at least two harvests, with Ch of 50 and 60 cm in combination with 8 and 14 cm of Rsh. However, the forage did not have the best composition, due to higher concentrations of neutral detergent fibre and lower crude protein concentration.