Change of the Frequency of Methicillin Resistance and Antibiogram Resistance Profile of Staphylococcus aureus within a Period of 15 Years

Abstract

Objective: The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate the rate and antimicrobial resistance profile of community-acquired (CA) and hospital-acquired (HA) methicillin-resistant and sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA, MSSA) strains between 2004 and 2019. Method: Within the scope of the research, the rate of MRSA and MSSA and the change in antimicrobial resistance profile over time were investigated using two research data of 210 Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated in 2004, and 401 in 2019. Results: While any significant change was not seen in the rates of CA-MRSA (32.4%) and CA-MSSA (67.6%) in 2004, and of CA-MRSA (31.6%) and CA-MSSA (68.4%) in 2019, the prevalence of HA-MRSA decreased by 56.1% in 2004 and 30.7% in 2019 and of HA-MSSA increased by 43.9% in 2004 and 69.3% in 2019. No resistance to vancomycin and teikoplanin was observed in MRSA strains. Resistance of CA-MRSA against ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, clindamycin and gentamicin decreased. In CA-MSSA an increase of penicillin resistance as well as a decrease in gentamicin resistance was observed. In resistance of HA-MRSA against ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, erythromycin, clindamycin, gentamicin decreased. HA-Resistance of MSSA against fusidic acid increased and against ciprofloxacin and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole and erythromycin resistance decreased. Conclusion: It was found that the rate of HA-MRSA decreased during the given period of 15 years. Vancomycin or teicoplanin resistance was not observed in MRSA and MSSA. While against ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, clindamycin, gentamicin decreased in both CA-MRSA and HA-MRSA. A closer follow-up of the prevalence and antimicrobial resistance profiles of these strains is of utmost importance for the successful control of the infections caused by MRSA and MSSA.