Implementation of a low-cost single-family sewage treatment system utilizing end-of-life tires: a sustainable approach

Abstract

Basic sanitation is crucial for a healthy and sustainable life, especially in developing countries, where sanitary sewage and management of solid waste, such as end-of-life tires, are significant challenges. This study presents a research methodology of applied nature featuring the innovative and low-cost implementation of an individual residential sewage treatment system, which uses unusable tires (TIRE-ATS) as a substitute for masonry walls. The study was divided into four phases: (I) local data collection and selection of a pilot residence, (II) design and sizing of the system, (III) system implementation, and (IV) analysis of financial and environmental advantages. The municipality studied has serious deficiencies regarding unusable tires, such as the absence of reverse logistics, the burning of these wastes in landfill areas, and the inexistence of sanitary sewage. The system proved to be effective, requiring 18 end-of-life tires for its construction, which would remove 64,782 tires from the environment for the benefit of a neighborhood, fostering the green economy with safe, durable, and watertight units. The financial advantage of TIRE-ATS over the masonry system was 18%, which is quite attractive to the local population, most of whom are economically underprivileged. The sustainability of tire reuse represents a notable environmental advantage, progressing toward the Sustainable Development Goals of the United Nations Organization.