Adaptation of the Russian-language Version of Parental Bonding Instrument (PBI)

Abstract

The results of adaptation of the Russian-language version of the Parental Bonding Instrument (PBI) (Parker, Tupling, Brown, 1979) with "Mother's Attitude" and "Father's Attitude" options are presented in the article. The questionnaire is aimed to assess the perception of parenting attitudes among young people. According to the original (English) version of the questionnaire, aspects of parental attitude perception can be measured as quantitative indicators of the questionnaire scales: 1) "Care" and 2) "Overprotection". The "Care" scale consists of 12 statements such as “Seemed emotionally cold to me”, “Enjoyed talking things over with me”, “Did not talk with me very much”, etc. The "Overprotection" scale includes 13 statements such as "Felt I could not look after myself unless she/he was around", "Let me decide things for myself", "Let me dress in any way I pleased", etc. The study involved 504 high school students enrolled in schools in the Moscow and Leningrad regions, Samara and St. Petersburg, aged from 14.4 to 19.1 years, among them were 174 9th grade students (44.2% male), 169 10th grade students (34.7% male) and 161 11th grade students (51.1% male). The structure of the questionnaire was studied using exploratory factor analysis of the correlation matrix of the responses to 25 items of each version. The method of principal components with Varimax rotation was chosen for the analysis. The confirmatory factor analysis suggested the two-factor structure of the questionnaire was confirmed, with the following scales: “Care” and “Overprotection” for the options "Mother's Attitude" and "Father's Attitude". For reliability assessment, the scales were tested with the Cronbach's alpha coefficient of internal consistency. Satisfactory internal consistency of the scales on both options was revealed. The Cronbach's alphas reach satisfactory values both for Care and Overprotection scales. The effects of gender and age on the questionnaire scores were estimated. According to analysis, there are no sex differences of perception of maternal and paternal attitude in both “Care” and “Overprotection” scales. It was shown that the effect of age was statistically significant for “Overprotection” scale for paternal attitude only, with a small effect size. The effect of interaction of age and sex was statistically significant for “Care” for paternal attitude only, with a small effect size. According to the psychometric indicators presented in this paper, the Russian-language version of PBI can become a reliable tool to measure high school students’ perception of the parental attitude.