Activation mechanism and novel binding sites of the BKCachannel activator CTIBD

Abstract

The large-conductance calcium-activated potassium (BKCa) channel, which is crucial for urinary bladder smooth muscle relaxation, is a potential target for overactive bladder treatment. Our prior work unveiled CTIBD as a promising BKCachannel activator, alteringV1/2andGmax. This study investigates CTIBD’s activation mechanism, revealing its independence from the Ca2+and membrane voltage sensing of the BKCachannel. Cryo-electron microscopy disclosed that two CTIBD molecules bind to hydrophobic regions on the extracellular side of the lipid bilayer. Key residues (W22, W203, and F266) are important for CTIBD binding, and their replacement with alanine reduces CTIBD-mediated channel activation. The triple-mutant (W22A/W203A/F266A) channel showed the smallestV1/2shift with a minimal impact on activation and deactivation kinetics by CTIBD. At the single-channel level, CTIBD treatment was much less effective at increasingPoin the triple mutant, mainly because of a drastically increased dissociation rate compared with the WT. These findings highlight CTIBD’s mechanism, offering crucial insights for developing small-molecule treatments for BKCa-related pathophysiological conditions.