Atomic Absorption Spectroscopic Analysis of Heavy Metals in Cancerous Breast Tissues Among Women in Jos, Nigeria

Author:

Idowu Opeyemi1ORCID,Oyedele Oketayo1ORCID,Oluwadare Oluwatimilehin1ORCID,Igboama Wilfred1ORCID,Dolapo Olaniyan1ORCID,Ezekiel Lawan1,Ignatius Catherine2ORCID,Isaac Mashor3ORCID,Danbaki Audu4,Olasele Adefemi5ORCID,Tunde Hamzat6ORCID,Lateef Bamidele7ORCID,Temidayo Akinnubi8ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Department of Physics, Federal University, Oye-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria

2. Department of Nuclear Engineering/Health Physics, Idaho State University, Pocatello, USA

3. Department of Morbid Anatomy, Bingham University Teaching Hospital, Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria

4. Department of Family Medicine, Bingham University Teaching Hospital, Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria

5. Department of Physics, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria

6. Department of Physics, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria

7. Department of Science Laboratory Technology, Osun State College of Technology, Esa-Oke, Osun State, Nigeria

8. Department of Physics, Adeyemi Federal University of Education, Ondo, Ondo State, Nigeria

Abstract

Breast cancer is prevalent in northern Nigerian women most especially Jos, Plateau State owing to anthropogenic activities such as solid earth mineral mining. In this study, Atomic Absorption Spectrometry was used to determine the levels of eight heavy metals (Cd, As, Cr, Cu, Fe, Pb, Ni and Zn) in cancerous and non-cancerous breast tissues of Jos Nigerian Women. The concentration of heavy metals ranged from 1.08 to 29.34 mg/kg, 0.29 to 10.76 mg/kg, 0.35 to 51.93 mg/kg, 5.15 to 62.93 mg/kg, 11.64 to 51.10 mg/kg, 0.42 to 83.16 mg/kg, 2.08 to 43.07 mg/kg and 1.67 to 71.53 mg/kg for Cd, As, Cr, Cu, Fe, Pb, Ni and Zn respectively. Using MATLAB R2016a, significant differences (t<sub>v</sub> = 0.0041 – 0.0317) existed between the levels of all the heavy metals in cancerous and non-cancerous breast tissues except Fe. At 0.01 level of significance, positive significant correlation existed between Pb and Fe, Pb and Cu, Pb and Fe, Ni and Fe, Cr and Pb, as well as Ni and Cr (r = 0.583 – 0.998) in cancerous breast tissues. Using ANOVA, significant differences also occurred in the levels of these heavy metals in cancerous breast tissues (p = 1.910510×10<sup>-26</sup>). The relatively high levels of the cancer-induced heavy metals (Cd, As, Cr and Pb) compared with control indicated contamination or exposure to heavy metals which could be the major cause of cancer in these female subjects.

Publisher

Science Publishing Group

Reference20 articles.

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