Evolutionary Etiopathogenic Particularities of Peripartum Cardiomyopathy in a Disadvantaged Environment in Brazzaville

Abstract

It was carried out a study on peripartum cardiomyopathy (PPCM) in the cardiology and internal medicine department of the University Hospital Center of Brazzaville. This work takes place from May 1, 2019 to April 31, 2023. It had aimed at identifying the profile of peripartum cardiomyopathy in women disadvantaged in cardiovascular diseases. Fifty-two files were selected on the basis of predefined inclusion criteria. The frequency of myocardiopathy peripartum was estimated at 1.4% of admissions and 9.7% of women of childbearing age, or 13 cases per year. The average age of the patients was 30.78.02 (range: 16 to 44 years), the most frequently found risk factors were respectively high low level socio-economic (77%), multiparity (36%); pregnancy-induced hypertension (32%) and anemia (31%). clinical picture was stereotypical and included signs of heart failure. This one was global in thirty-nine (39) cases (75%), left in thirteen (13) cases (25%), cardiomegaly was noted in all cases with mean cardiothoracic ratio at 0.614 (range 0.52 to 0.83). Sinus tachycardia was observed in fifty-one 51 cases (98%). Left atrial dilatation was noted in twenty-three 23 cases (44.2%), left atrial dilatation was noted in thirteen (13) cases (25%). Diffuse disorders of the repolarization were noted in forty-three cases (83%). Echocardiography revealed: left cavitary dilatation in 100% of cases; thrombosis left ventricular intravenous was noted in two cases (4%).