Dietary Fat Intake on Metabolic Health: An in-Depth Analysis of Epidemiological, Clinical, and Animal Studies

Abstract

<i>Background: </i>The consumption of dietary fat plays a vital role in the maintenance of metabolic health as it exerts impact over several physiological processes, including lipid profiles, inflammation, and insulin sensitivity, among other factors. The aim of this comprehensive review seeks to assess the influence of dietary fat consumption on metabolic processes. <i>Methods:</i> An exhaustive and methodical exploration of pertinent databases, such as Web of Science, PubMed, and Scopus, was undertaken to identify animal studies, clinical trials, and epidemiological research. The search terms included "dietary fat," "metabolic health," "epidemiological studies," "clinical trials," and "animal studies". <i>Result:</i> Animal studies demonstrate that high intake of saturated fat impairs insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance, while unsaturated fats such as monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) have beneficial effects. Observational studies in humans reveal that higher intake of saturated fat is associated with an increased risk of metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes, whereas unsaturated fats lower the risk. <i>Conclusion:</i> Clinical trials have further supported the importance of replacing SFAs with healthier fats, such as MUFAs and PUFAs, particularly omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids, in improving metabolic health markers in human subjects. Instead of advising against fats altogether, it is important to specify the preferred types of fats to be consumed as part of a healthy diet and lifestyle.