The Impact of the Weak Magnetic Field on Hydromagnetic Nanofluid Flow Via Divergent and Convergent Channels

Abstract

This paper has studied the effect of a low-intensity of magnetism acting on hydromagnetics of nanoparticles (Silver-water) via divergent-convergent channels. The study aimed at determining the effect of Hartmann and Reynolds numbers, the distribution of energy in the system, and the volume fraction of nanofluid particles on the movement of nanofluid particles, the distribution of temperature, and the distribution of concentration of nanofluid particles. The governing equations were transformed to a linear system of the differential equations and numerical solutions were found using the collocation technique and MATLAB was used to generate the results. It is discovered, varying the Reynolds values decreases the distribution of temperature for divergent medium. Variation in Reynolds values augments the distribution of temperature for the shrinking walls. The observation shows that increasing Hartmann values reduces the velocity profile in both channels which are diverging –converging channels. This is because Lorentz intensity is generated by the magnetism that alters the movement of nanofluid flow hence reduction in the velocity distribution. The concentration of nanofluid reduces in both channels when the distribution of energy in the system is augmented. The distribution of temperature increases in both channels when the energy in the system is augmented. Variation in the distribution of energy facilitates the transferring of heat to nanoparticles hence the temperature profile of nanofluid is increased. The distribution of the velocity is constant when varying the energy intensity. The heat generation resulted in a variation of temperature and had minimum impact on the movement of the nanoparticles for both channels. The concentration of nanofluid is increased in the divergent channel when Reynolds values are increased. The reduction occurs in the concentration of nanofluid when Reynolds values are increased. As the distance between molecules becomes wider due to augmenting the energy, this results in a reduction of concentration distribution of the nanofluid in both channels. These research findings are applied in medical sciences, engineering, geophysics, and astrophysics.