Enhancing Renewable Energy-Grid Integration by Optimally Placed FACTS Devices: The Nigeria Case Study

Abstract

Integrating renewable energy sources into existing power grids presents considerable challenges, especially with the intermittency of wind and solar power. This issue is particularly acute in developing countries like Nigeria, where grid infrastructure is often weak, significantly limiting the potential for RE penetration. This study explores strategies to enhance RE integration in Nigeria by employing Flexible Alternating Current Transmission System (FACTS) devices. By leveraging the reactive-power sensitivity index through modal analysis, the optimal location for the FACTS device can be determined. Analysis of the Nigerian power grid demonstrates that the deployment of FACTS devices, specifically Static Synchronous Compensators (STATCOMs), can increase the penetration limit of RE by 40%. This enhancement allows for the integration of an additional 152 MW of wind energy without compromising system stability. The findings underscore the potential of FACTS devices to improve voltage profiles and overall grid stability, thereby facilitating a higher integration of renewable energy sources into weak grids without necessitating substantial changes to the existing power system architecture. This solution can help Nigeria and other countries with similar infrastructure challenges to overcome their renewable energy integration hurdles and transition towards a more sustainable, reliable, and resilient energy mix, paving the way for a cleaner and greener future.