1. Department of Neurological Surgery, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
2. Department of Neurosurgery, Chiba Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Ichihara, Japan
3. Tokyo Gamma Unit Center, Tsukiji Neurological Clinic, Tokyo, Japan; and
4. Department of Neurosurgery, Seikeikai Chiba Medical Center, Chiba, Japan