Radiometric analysis of paraclinoid carotid artery aneurysms

Abstract

Object. Classification of paraclinoid carotid artery (CA) aneurysms based on their associated branching arteries has been confusing because superior hypophyseal arteries (SHAs) are too fine to appear opacified on cerebral angiograms. The authors performed a retrospective radiometric analysis of surgically treated paraclinoid aneurysms to elucidate their angiographic and anatomical characteristics. Methods. A retrospective analysis was made of 85 intradural paraclinoid aneurysms in which the presence or absence of branching arteries had been determined at the time of surgical clipping. The lesions were classified as supraclinoid, clinoid, and infraclinoid aneurysms based on their relation to the anterior clinoid process on lateral angiograms of the CA. The direction of the aneurysms were measured according to angles formed between the medial portion of the horizontal line crossing the aneurysm sac and the center of the aneurysm neck on anteroposterior angiograms. Branching arteries were associated with 68 aneurysms, of which 28 were ophthalmic artery (OphA) lesions (32.9%) and 40 were SHA ones (47.1%); associated branching arteries were absent in 17 aneurysms (20%). Twenty-five aneurysms (29.4%) were located at the supraclinoidal level, 46 (54.1%) at the clinoidal, and 14 (16.5%) at the infraclinoidal. The majority of aneurysms identified at the supraclinoidal level were OphA lesions (44%) or those unassociated with branching arteries (48%), with mean directions of 57° or 67°, respectively. At the clinoidal level, the mean directions of aneurysms were 76° in six lesions unassociated with branching arteries (13%), 43° in 16 OphA lesions (35%), and −11° in 24 SHA ones (52%). All aneurysms at the infraclinoidal level arose at the origin of the SHAs, with a mean direction of −29°, and most of these were embedded in the carotid cave. Conclusions. Aneurysms arising from the SHA can be distinguished from those not located at an arterial division by cerebral angiography, because SHA lesions are usually located at the medial or inferomedial wall of the internal carotid artery at the clinoidal or infraclinoidal level. Their distribution correlates well with the reported distribution of SHA origins. The carotid cave aneurysm is a kind of SHA lesion that originates at the most proximal intradural CA.