Treatment strategies for hydrocephalus related to Dandy-Walker syndrome: evaluating procedure selection and success within the Hydrocephalus Clinical Research Network

Author:

Yengo-Kahn Aaron M.12,Wellons John C.12,Hankinson Todd C.3,Hauptman Jason S.4,Jackson Eric M.5,Jensen Hailey6,Krieger Mark D.7,Kulkarni Abhaya V.8,Limbrick David. D.9,McDonald Patrick J.10,Naftel Robert P.12,Pindrik Jonathan A.11,Pollack Ian F.12,Reeder Ron6,Riva-Cambrin Jay13,Rozzelle Curtis J.14,Tamber Mandeep S.10,Whitehead William E.15,Kestle John R. W.16,_ _

Affiliation:

1. Department of Neurosurgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center; and

2. Surgical Outcomes Center for Kids, Monroe Carell Jr. Children’s Hospital at Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee;

3. Department of Neurosurgery, Children’s Hospital Colorado, Colorado Springs, Colorado;

4. Department of Neurosurgery, Seattle Children’s Hospital, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington;

5. Department of Neurosurgery, The Johns Hopkins Hospital, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland;

6. Departments of Pediatrics and

7. Department of Neurosurgery, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California;

8. Division of Neurosurgery, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada;

9. Department of Neurosurgery, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, Missouri;

10. Division of Neurosurgery, British Columbia Children’s Hospital, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada;

11. Department of Neurosurgery, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio;

12. Department of Neurosurgery, UPMC Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania;

13. Division of Neurosurgery, Alberta Children’s Hospital, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada;

14. Division of Neurosurgery, Children’s of Alabama, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Alabama; and

15. Department of Neurosurgery, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, Texas

16. Neurosurgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah;

Abstract

OBJECTIVE Treating Dandy-Walker syndrome–related hydrocephalus (DWSH) involves either a CSF shunt-based or endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV)–based procedure. However, comparative investigations are lacking. This study aimed to compare shunt-based and ETV-based treatment strategies utilizing archival data from the Hydrocephalus Clinical Research Network (HCRN) registry. METHODS A retrospective review of prospectively collected and maintained data on children with DWSH, available from the HCRN registry (14 sites, 2008–2018), was performed. The primary outcome was revision-free survival of the initial surgical intervention. The primary exposure was either shunt-based (i.e., cystoperitoneal shunt [CPS], ventriculoperitoneal shunt [VPS], and/or dual-compartment) or ETV-based (i.e., ETV alone or with choroid plexus cauterization [CPC]) initial surgical treatment. Primary analysis included multivariable Cox proportional hazards models. RESULTS Of 8400 HCRN patients, 151 (1.8%) had DWSH. Among these, the 102 patients who underwent shunt placement (79 VPSs, 16 CPSs, 3 other, and 4 multiple proximal catheter) were younger (6.6 vs 18.8 months, p < 0.001) and more frequently had 1 or more comorbidities (37.3% vs 14.3%, p = 0.005) than the 49 ETV-treated children (28 ETV-CPC). Fifty percent of the shunt-based and 51% of the ETV-based treatments failed. Notably, 100% (4/4) of the dual-compartment shunts failed. Adjusting for age, baseline ventricular size, and comorbidities, ETV-based treatment was not significantly associated with earlier failure compared with shunt-based treatment (HR for failure 1.32, 95% CI 0.77–2.26; p = 0.321). Complication rates were low: 4.9% and 6.1% (p = 0.715) for shunt- and ETV-based procedures, respectively. There was no difference in survival between ETV-CPC– and ETV-based treatment when adjusting for age (HR for failure 0.86, 95% CI 0.29–2.55, p = 0.783). CONCLUSIONS In this North American, multicenter, prospective database review, shunt-based and ETV-based primary treatment strategies of DWSH appear similarly durable. Pediatric neurosurgeons can reasonably consider ETV-based initial treatment given the similar durability and the low complication rate. However, given the observational nature of this study, the treating surgeon might need to consider subgroups that were too small for a separate analysis. Very young children with comorbidities were more commonly treated with shunts, and older children with fewer comorbidities were offered ETV-based treatment. Future studies may determine preoperative characteristics associated with ETV treatment success in this population.

Publisher

Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)

Subject

General Medicine

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