1. Department of Neurosurgery, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio;
2. Center for Spine Health, Neurological Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
3. Department of Neurosurgery, Allegheny Health Network, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania;
4. Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland;
5. School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University; and