1. Departments of Neurosurgery and
2. Department of Neurosurgery, Suzuka Kaisei Hospital, Kou-cho, Suzuka, Mie, Japan;
3. Department of Neurosurgery, Mie Prefectural General Medical Center, Hinaga, Yokkaichi, Mie, Japan;
4. Department of Neurosurgery, Mie Chuo Medical Center, Hisai-myojin-cho, Tsu, Mie, Japan; and
5. Charité Lab for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz, Berlin, Germany
6. Minimum-Invasive Neurospinal Surgery, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Edobashi, Tsu, Mie, Japan;