Waveform changes due to conduction block and their underlying mechanism in spinal somatosensory evoked potential: a computer simulation

Abstract

✓ Based on a square-wave solid-angle analysis, a simplified mathematical model was produced for computing a sequence of potential change in a volume conductor generated by an impulse traveling along a nerve fiber. A conduction block was simulated as a phenomenon in which a depolarization wavefront stops traveling when it reaches a certain point, although the following repolarization wavefront continues to travel until it reaches the same point. The spinal somatosensory evoked potential (SSEP) was produced as an algebraic sum of simulated nerve fiber action potentials (NFAPs). With a conduction block, an NFAP that was normally triphasic showed a positive—negative diphasic wave with reduced negativity at the point of the block, diphasic waves with enhanced negativity at points immediately preceding the block, and initial-positive waves alone or abolition of any wave at points beyond the block. The absence of their terminal-positive phases paradoxically enhanced the negative peak of the spinal SSEPs in a partial block that involved only the constituent fastest fibers, because phase cancellation of the phases between the terminal-positive phases of the fastest fibers and the negative phases of the slower fibers, which normally happens, failed to occur. At the points immediately preceding the block, the identical mechanism sustained the spinal SSEP enhancement even when every fiber was included in the block. The computer model predicted that localization of the precise site of conduction block can be achieved by demonstrating an abrupt reduction in the amplitude of the spinal SSEP, which is accompanied by an increased negative wave caudally and an enhanced monophasic positive wave rostrally.