Promoting diversity in neurosurgery through a virtual symposium

Author:

Charles Antoinette J.12,Seas Andreas23,Corley Jacquelyn12,Duvall Julia B.14,Owolo Edwin2,Abu-Bonsrah Nancy5,Elsamadicy Aladine A.6,Simpson Venita7,Sanusi Olabisi8,Holly Langston T.9,Rodriguez Analiz10,Nduom Edjah K.11,Levi Allan D.12,Liau Linda M.8,Quiñones-Hinojosa Alfredo13,Karikari Isaac2,Grant Gerald2,Fuller Anthony T.2,Goodwin C. Rory2

Affiliation:

1. Equity and Justice in Neurosurgery, Durham;

2. Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University, Durham;

3. Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina;

4. Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts;

5. Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland;

6. Department of Neurosurgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut;

7. Department of Neurosurgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas;

8. Department of Neurosurgery, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon;

9. Department of Neurosurgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California;

10. Department of Neurosurgery, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas;

11. Department of Neurosurgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia;

12. Department of Neurosurgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami; and

13. Department of Neurosurgery, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida

Abstract

OBJECTIVE The rates of women and underrepresented racial and ethnic minority (UREM) students successfully matching into neurosurgical residency are extremely low and do not reflect the makeup of the general population. As of 2019, only 17.5% of neurosurgical residents in the United States were women, 4.95% were Black or African American, and 7.2% were Hispanic or Latinx. Earlier recruitment of UREM students will help to diversify the neurosurgical workforce. Therefore, the authors developed a virtual educational event for undergraduate students entitled "Future Leaders in Neurosurgery Symposium for Underrepresented Students’’ (FLNSUS). The primary objectives of the FLNSUS were to expose attendees to 1) neurosurgeons from diverse gender, racial, and ethnic backgrounds; 2) neurosurgical research; 3) opportunities for neurosurgical mentorship; and 4) information about life as a neurosurgeon. The authors hypothesized that the FLNSUS would increase student self-confidence, provide exposure to the specialty, and reduce perceived barriers to a neurosurgical career. METHODS To measure the change in participant perceptions of neurosurgery, pre- and postsymposium surveys were administered to attendees. Of the 269 participants who completed the presymposium survey, 250 participated in the virtual event and 124 completed the postsymposium survey. Paired pre- and postsurvey responses were used for analysis, yielding a response rate of 46%. To assess the impact of participant perceptions of neurosurgery as a field, pre- and postsurvey responses to questions were compared. The change in response was analyzed, and a nonparametric sign test was performed to check for significant differences. RESULTS According to the sign test, applicants showed increased familiarity with the field (p < 0.001), increased confidence in their abilities to become neurosurgeons (p = 0.014), and increased exposure to neurosurgeons from diverse gender, racial, and ethnic backgrounds (p < 0.001 for all categories). CONCLUSIONS These results reflect a significant improvement in student perceptions of neurosurgery and suggest that symposiums like the FLNSUS may promote further diversification of the field. The authors anticipate that events promoting diversity in neurosurgery will lead to a more equitable workforce that will ultimately translate to enhanced research productivity, cultural humility, and patient-centered care in neurosurgery.

Publisher

Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)

Subject

Genetics,Animal Science and Zoology

Reference38 articles.

1. Trends in United States neurosurgery residency education and training over the last decade (2009-2019);Yaeger KA,2020

2. Diversity and inclusion in neurosurgery;Wang A,2021

3. Association of racial/ethnic and gender concordance between patients and physicians with patient experience ratings;Takeshita J,2020

4. Diversity improves performance and outcomes;Gomez LE,2019

5. Ethnic and gender diversity in hand surgery trainees;Bae GH,2015

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