1. Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California;
2. Department of Medical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California;
3. Department of Neurological Surgery, Columbia University, The Och Spine Hospital at NewYork-Presbyterian, New York, New York;
4. Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah;
5. Department of Neurological Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota;
6. Norton Leatherman Spine Center, Louisville, Kentucky;
7. Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Tennessee;
8. Semmes-Murphey Neurologic and Spine Institute, Memphis, Tennessee;
9. Departments of Neurosurgery and 9Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina;
10. Goodman Campbell Brain and Spine, Indianapolis, Indiana;
11. Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia;
12. Neuroscience Institute, Carolinas Healthcare System and Carolina Neurosurgery & Spine Associates, Charlotte, North Carolina;
13. Atlantic Neurosurgical Specialists, Morristown, New Jersey;
14. Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami, Florida;
15. Department of Neurological Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, New York;
16. Geisinger Health, Danville, Pennsylvania;
17. Atlanta Brain and Spine Care, Atlanta, Georgia; and
18. Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, California