Perioperative fluctuation and overall evaluation of adenohypophyseal hormone secretion in patients with nonfunctioning pituitary adenoma

Abstract

OBJECTIVE Perioperative adenohypophyseal hormone assessment can improve therapeutic strategies and be used to evaluate the prognosis of pituitary adenomas. An individual hormone level does not entirely reflect the pituitary gland. Thus, this study aimed to analyze perioperative hormonal changes and propose a normalized method to facilitate overall assessment of the adenohypophysis. METHODS The authors retrospectively analyzed 89 male patients with nonfunctioning pituitary adenoma (NFPA) who underwent transsphenoidal surgery. Preoperative clinical data, imaging data, and perioperative hormone levels of the anterior pituitary gland were evaluated. Hormone values were rescaled using minimum-maximum normalization. The sum of the normalized hormone levels was defined as the total hormonal rate (THR). RESULTS Preoperative findings indicated correlations among different adenohypophyseal hormones. Luteinizing hormone (p = 0.62) and adrenocorticotropic hormone (p = 0.89) showed no significant changes after surgery, but growth hormone levels increased (p < 0.001). On the contrary, the levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone (p < 0.001), follicle-stimulating hormone (p = 0.02), and prolactin (p < 0.001) decreased. THR indicated a significant postoperative reduction in adenohypophyseal function (p = 0.04). Patients with postoperative hypopituitarism had significantly lower THR than those without (p = 0.003), with an area under the curve of 0.66. For NFPAs that presented with normal preoperative hormone levels, THR was a good clinical predictor of immediate postoperative hypopituitarism, with an area under the curve of 0.74. CONCLUSIONS The normalized synthesis index of hormones is a novel and clinically valuable method used to reflect adenohypophyseal secretion. Compared with individual hormones, these results indicated that THR can facilitate the analysis of general hormone levels despite various fluctuations in adenohypophyseal hormones. THR may also contribute to the effective prediction of short-term surgery-induced hypopituitarism.