1. Neuroscience Institute, Carolina Neurosurgery & Spine Associates, Carolinas Healthcare System, Charlotte, North Carolina;
2. Mayo Clinic Neuro-Informatics Laboratory, Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota;
3. Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota;
4. Atlantic Neurosurgical Specialists, Morristown, New Jersey;
5. Department of Neurosurgery, University of Tennessee, Memphis, Tennessee;
6. Duke Neurosurgery and Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina;
7. Department of Neurosurgery, College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, Pennsylvania;
8. Sanger Heart & Vascular Institute, Atrium Health, Charlotte, North Carolina;
9. Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah;
10. Norton Leatherman Spine Center, Louisville, Kentucky; and
11. Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, California