Resection of an occipital lobe epileptogenic network resulting in improvement of a visual field deficit: illustrative case

Abstract

BACKGROUND Drug-resistant epilepsy leads to significant morbidity and mortality. Epilepsy surgery for resection of seizure foci is underused, particularly when a seizure focus is located in eloquent cortex. Epileptogenic networks may lead to neurological deficits out of proportion to a causative lesion. Disruption of the network may lead not only to seizure freedom but also reversal of a neurological deficit. OBSERVATIONS A 32-year-old male with new-onset generalized tonic-clonic seizure was found to have an occipital lobe cavernous malformation. On visual field testing, he was found to have a right-sided hemianopsia. He did not tolerate antiepileptic drugs and had a significant decline in quality of life. Resection was planned using intraoperative electrocorticography to remove the cavernous malformation and disrupt the epileptogenic network. Immediate and delayed postoperative visual field testing demonstrated improvement of the visual field deficit, with near resolution of the deficit 6 weeks postoperatively. LESSONS Epilepsy networks in eloquent cortex may cause deficits that improve after the causative lesion is resected and the network disrupted, a concept that is underreported in the literature. A subset of patients with frequent epileptiform activity and preoperative deficits may experience postoperative neurological improvement along with relief of seizures.