1. Department of Neurosurgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
2. Center for Pain Management, Osaka University Hospital, Suita, Osaka, Japan
3. Department of Neurosurgery, Osaka Gyoumeikan Hospital, Osaka, Japan
4. Institute for Advanced Co-Creation Studies, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
5. Osaka University Graduate School of Engineering Science, Toyonaka, Osaka, Japan; and
6. Tokuyukai Rehabilitation Clinic, Toyonaka, Osaka, Japan