Effectiveness of a 1-day aspiration plus Gamma Knife surgery procedure for metastatic brain tumor with a cystic component

Abstract

Object Gamma Knife surgery (GKS) has gained increasing relevance in the treatment of metastatic brain tumors, but many metastatic tumors contain a large cystic component and often exceed the size limit for GKS. For such lesions, the authors adopted a procedure in which stereotactic aspiration is first performed and followed immediately by GKS on the same day. In this paper, the authors describe this 1-day combined procedure and evaluate its efficacy. Methods Between 2005 and 2010, 25 cystic metastases in 25 patients were treated at Dokkyo Medical University. The patients first underwent MRI and stereotactic aspiration of the cyst while stationary in a Leksell stereotactic frame; immediately afterward, the patients underwent a second MR imaging session and Gamma Knife treatment. Tumor volume reduction, tumor control rate, and overall survival were examined. Results Tumor volume, including the cystic component, decreased from 8.0–64.2 cm3 (mean 20.3 cm3) to 3.0–36.2 cm3 (mean 10.3 cm3) following aspiration, and the volume of 24 of 25 lesions decreased to less than 16.6 cm3, which is equivalent to the volume of a 3.16-cm sphere. At least 20 Gy was delivered to the entire lesion in 24 of 25 cases. Good tumor control was obtained in 16 of 21 cases that could be evaluated during a median follow-up period of 11 months (range 1–27 months); however, reaccumulation of cyst contents was observed in 2 patients who required Ommaya reservoir placement. Conclusions The 1-day aspiration plus GKS procedure is an effective and time-efficient treatment for large cystic brain metastases.