Role of advanced three-dimensional visualization modalities in congenital heart surgery

Abstract

The utility of three-dimensional visualization modalities such as three-dimensional printing, augmented reality, and virtual reality has transformed the field of surgery in the past few years. These modalities have demonstrated value in preoperative planning, procedural training, and surgical guidance in many surgical specialties. This review explores the current use of three-dimensional visualization modalities in surgery and further investigates its use and potential in the subspecialty of congenital heart defect surgery.