1. American students are 20 years behind: Study says they don't handle basics well. (1991, September 30). Sun Jose Mercury News,
2. Asayesh, G. (1991, October 1). Report card results are mixed for Maryland: Math skills low, but test scores gain. Baltimore Morning Sun.
3. Bourque, M. L. &Garrison, H. H. (1991). The levels of mathematics achievement: Initialperformance standards for the 1990 NAEP mathematics assessment: Vol. I. National and state summaries.Washington, DC: National Assessment Governing Board.
4. Burstein, L., Koretz, D. M., Linn, R. L., Sugrue, B., Novak, J., Lewis, E. & Baker, E. (1993). The validity of the 1992 NAEP achievement level descriptions as characterizations of mathematics performance.Los Angeles: University of California at Los Angeles, Center for the Study of Evaluation.
5. Cohen, M. (1991, October 6). Demand increases for national testing: Studies show gap between students today and goals. Boston Globe.