Textbook Materials For The Lower Grades Of Elementary School: Do They Conform To The Principles Of Plain Language?/Jasan jezik i pisana udžbenička građa nižih razreda: jesu li usklađeni?

Author:

Matić Škorić AnaORCID,Kuvač Kraljević Jelena,Lenček Mirjana

Abstract

AbstractPlain language is a concept that spread across Europe half a century ago. It refers to communication based on utterances and structure from which listeners and readers can easily extract and understand necessary information. This study presents the concept of plain language in the context of early education through the analysis of written materials to which pupils attending lower-grade elementary school are exposed. The aim of this study is to analyse phonological, lexical and syntactic characteristics of textbooks for first, second, third, and fourth grade and to link the obtained data with general principles of plain language. For the purpose of this study, a database of written texts was developed – School Corpus of Written Language (Riddys) – with 502 713 tokens. The distribution of graphemes, types of speech, as well as the lengths of words and sentences were analysed. The results show that of the three analysed language components, only the lexicon does not follow the principles of plain language. Too many words that occur only once in all written materials in the first two grades of elementary school do not contribute to faster and more efficient mastering of reading skills.Keywords: Plain Language; Linguistic Analysis of Textbooks; School Corpus of Written Language (Riddys); Beginning Reading and Writing; Elementary School Education---Sažetak Jasan jezik (engl. plain language) koncept je koji se prije pola stoljeća proširio Europom, a odnosi se na komunikaciju temeljenu na iskazima i strukturi iz koje slušatelji i čitatelji mogu lako pronaći i razumjeti potrebnu informaciju. U ovom istraživanju koncept jasnoga jezika predstavljen je u kontekstu ranoga obrazovanja, analizom pisane građe kojoj su izloženi učenici nižih razreda osnovne škole. Cilj je ovoga rada analizirati fonološka, leksička i sintaktička obilježja udžbenika u prvom, drugom, trećem i četvrtom razredu te dobivene podatke povezati s općim načelima jasnoga jezika. Za potrebe rada razvijena je baza tekstova – Školski korpus pisanoga jezika (Riddys), s ukupno 502 713 pojavnica. Analizirana je zastupljenost grafema, vrsta riječi, kao i duljina riječi i rečenica. Rezultati pokazuju kako od tri promatrane jezične sastavnice samo rječnik ne slijedi načela jasnoga jezika. Prevelika zastupljenost riječi koje se pojavljuju tek jednom u cijeloj pisanoj udžbeničkoj građi u prvim dvama razredima osnovne škole nikako ne pridonosi bržem i učinkovitijem ovladavanju vještinom čitanja. Ključne riječi: jasan jezik; jezična analiza udžbenika; početno čitanje i pisanje; razredna nastava; Školski korpus pisanoga jezika (Riddys)    

Publisher

Faculty of Teacher Education, University of Zagreb

Subject

Education

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