CIRCADIAN RHYTHMS AND PERSONALIZED STRATEGIES FOR ANTI-AGING THERAPIES

Abstract

Background. Nowadays personalized medicine is actively developing and consists of individual approaches during patients' treatment, diagnoses and prognoses. Since the first use of DNA sequence analysis in 2009, many other directions and methods for precision medicine have been proposed, including metabolome, transcriptome, proteome, microbiome analysis etc., which reflect internal factors of organisms. Moreover, to take into account environmental influence on organisms including day/night activity, feeding and physical training regime, it was proposed to apply the descriptions of circadian system rhythmicity of each patient. Also, with organism aging, the sensitivity to external factors is raised that emphasizes the importance of the chronobiological approach in anti-aging concept. In this review we discussed available ways of the application of circadian system parameters to analyze human metabolic state. Methods. Search strategy: PubMed, Scopus, DOAJ (Directory of Open Access Journals) and Google Scholar were used to search for original research and articles review; no abstracts from meeting reports have been cited. ClinicalTrials.gov was used to search for clinical studies. Search terms included “chronotherapy”, “circadian system”, and “chronobiology”. Results. According to personalized medicine, the analysis of circadian system in the case of each patient is necessary as circadian rhythmicity varies in every person. Taking into account the peculiarities of patient’s circadian system it will be easy to choose the best time for drug administration resulting in high efficacy and low side effects. The analysis of circadian system can be performed on molecular, physiological and systemic (general, metabolic and inflammation markers) levels. There was shown the increase in the number of clinical trials which are based on the use of chronobiological approach during the treatment of different pathologies that increase with aging: depression, insomnia, metabolic and cardiovascular disease, cancer. More than 1,000 clinical trials involving circadian interventions and chronobiology have been registered worldwide. Conclusion. Chronobiological approach can be used as an additional measure to anti-aging therapy to diagnose metabolic state, to choose more effective treatment time as well as in preventive healthcare in terms of personalized medicine.