Clinical Findings of Ankylosing Spondylitis With and Without Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA)-B27 and HLA-B51

Abstract

Introduction: Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) and Behçet’s disease are known to be associated with the human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-B27 and HLA-B51 genes, respectively. However, many of their clinical findings―including articular and extra-articular symptoms―are similar, making diagnosis a challenge in the early stage of the disease. The aim of this study was to investigate the differences in clinical findings of AS patients with and without the HLA-B27 gene. Materials and Methods: We performed a retrospective chart review of 151 AS patients. The following clinical findings were evaluated: oral ulcer, genital ulcer, skin manifestation, uveitis, peripheral arthritis; and gastrointestinal, cardiac and pulmonary involvement. Patients were divided into 4 groups based on absence or presence of the HLA-B27 and HLA-B51 genes. The number of patients with each clinical finding was subsequently examined in each group. Results: The incidence of uveitis was significantly higher in the HLA-B27-positive group (P = 0.004); however, other clinical findings did not differ significantly according to the absence or presence of the HLA-B27 gene. There were no significant differences in the clinical findings of patients with positive and negative HLA-B51. Conclusion: HLA-B27 was associated with the development of uveitis but not with other clinical findings or disease activity in AS patients. HLA-B51 was not associated with the clinical findings or disease activity of AS. Key words: Axial spondyloarthritis, Behçet’s disease, Uveitis