BACKGROUND
Nature engagement, including affective and physical interactions with nature, is linked to a multitude of health and well-being benefits. University students tend to engage little with nature and the use of technology is rapidly increasing, contributing to further disconnection from nature.
OBJECTIVE
This randomized controlled trial investigated the effectiveness of virtual nature in promoting nature engagement among university students, comparing an immersive vs. a non-immersive means of delivery.
METHODS
Thirty-eight students recruited at the library of a university campus were randomized, using a random number generator, to view a video of a local natural environment either through a head-mounted display (n = 20), or a tablet screen (n = 18). They were then invited to participate in an organized hiking tour at the location displayed during the virtual nature experience.
RESULTS
The findings showed statistically significant pre-to-post increases, with no difference between conditions, in Nature connectedness (F(1,36) = 33.49, p < .001, ηp2 = 0.48), Intention to perform green exercise (F(1,36) = 5.55, p = .024, ηp2 = 0.13), Intention to visit the hiking location (F(1,36) = 15.34, p < .001, ηp2 = 0.26), and Intention to participate in the hiking tour (F(1,36) = 12.450, p = .001, ηp2 = 0.30). Six students participated in the organized tour, with no differences between conditions. The participants’ changes in Nature connectedness (ρ = .35; p = .029) and participation in the hiking tour (ρ = .37; p = .021) correlated with “Being there”.
CONCLUSIONS
Regardless of the levels of immersion, virtual nature experiences can be an effective strategy to improve nature engagement among university students.