BACKGROUND
It is widely accepted that metabolic syndrome is associated with hyperuricemia. However, factors affecting this association remain unclear.
OBJECTIVE
To explore the secular trend of hyperuricemia and investigate associations between components of metabolic syndrome (waist circumference, triglyceride level, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level, blood pressure, and fasting glucose level) and hyperuricemia by race.
METHODS
We used data of the four most recent National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 2011 to March 2020. Hyperuricemia was defined as a serum urate level of > 7.0 mg/dl for men and > 5.7 mg/dl for women. Metabolic syndrome was defined using National Cholesterol Education Program’s Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP ATP III) guideline. Among 45,462 participants in the NHANES 2011 to 2020, 10,175 participants were finally analyzed. We estimated prevalence rates of metabolic syndrome and hyperuricemia in each cycle and then performed multivariable logistic regression analysis to determine the relationship between each component of metabolic syndrome and hyperuricemia.
RESULTS
In the recent cycle (2017-March 2020), the prevalence of metabolic syndrome was 45.9% and that of hyperuricemia was 20.7%. From 2011 to March 2020, metabolic syndrome prevalence increased significantly among Hispanic and Asian groups. Hyperuricemia prevalence also increased significantly in the Hispanic group. After adjusting for confounding factors, the metabolic syndrome group had significantly higher incidence of hyperuricemia than the normal group. The odds ratio (OR) of hyperuricemia was higher in women than in men (OR: 4.25 [95% CI: 3.53-5.12] vs. 2.81 [95% CI: 2.16-3.66]). The OR of hyperuricemia was higher in White (OR 3.69 [95% CI 3.00-4.54]) than in Hispanic (OR 3.39 [95% CI 2.49-4.61]), Asian (OR 2.10 [95% CI 1.47-3.00]), and Black (OR 2.67 [95% CI 2.04-3.50]).
CONCLUSIONS
Metabolic syndrome was significantly associated with hyperuricemia. This correlation was stronger in women and White.