Perspectives on supporting physical activity using e-health in primary care by health care professionals and individuals with pre-and type 2 diabetes: Qualitative study (Preprint)

Abstract

The trend of an exponential increase in pre- and type 2 diabetes (T2D) is projected to continue rising worldwide. Physical activity could help prevent type 2 diabetes and the progression and complications of the disease. Therefore, we need to create opportunities for individuals to acquire the necessary knowledge and skills to self-management their chronic condition through physical activity. Electronic health (e-health) is a potential resource that could facilitate self-management and thus improve population health. However, there is limited research on users’ perception of e-health in supporting self-management of physical activity in primary care settings.

The study aims to explore the perspectives of health care professionals and individuals with pre- or type 2 diabetes on e-health as a support system for self-management of physical activity.

A qualitative approach was applied using focus group discussions in individuals with pre- or type 2 diabetes (14 participants in four groups) and health care professionals (10 participants in two groups). The discussions were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim. Qualitative content analysis was used inductively to code the data.

Three main categories emerged: utility, adoption process and accountability. The utility of e-health was described as a motivational, entertaining, and stimulating tool. Registration of daily medical measurements and lifestyle parameters in a cohesive digital platform was recognized as a potential resource for strengthening self-management skills. The adoption process includes e-health to increase accessibility of care and personalize the support for self-management of physical activity. However, participants stated that digital technology might not suit everyone and could increase health care providers' administrative burden. Accountability requires the necessary knowledge and skills to optimize e-health and ensure data integrity and security.

Applying e-health technology to improve self-management of physical activity in primary care settings seems feasible. People with pre- and type 2 diabetes and health care professionals proposed that a cohesive platform for personal metrics, goal setting and social support could improve self-management of physical activity. A supportive environment including technical expertise and continuous education is needed to upgrade the skills and to adopt e-health in daily clinical practice.