A Web-Based Intervention to Improve Health Literacy and Obesogenic Behaviors Among Adolescents: Protocol of a Randomized Pilot Feasibility Study for a Parallel Randomized Controlled Trial

Abstract

Background Predictive theoretical models suggest that health knowledge works in conjunction with motivation and behavioral skills to influence adolescents’ obesogenic behavior. However, most of the existing adolescent interventions target these variables in isolation. Furthermore, health literacy (HL), a precursor to health knowledge, is necessary for translating health knowledge into behavior and is negatively related to adolescents’ obesity status. However, HL has not been included in obesity interventions targeting adolescents. Objective This study aims to pilot the feasibility of a 2-armed web-based obesity prevention intervention in school settings and assess the preliminary effectiveness of adding an HL module to an obesity prevention intervention for adolescents. Methods This web-based pilot feasibility study will take place in the Northeastern United States. Participants will be adolescents (aged 13-16 years) attending school, and recruitment will be conducted through flyers to parents and adolescents in participating classes or advisory groups at the school. The intervention includes 2 arms: an experimental arm that will receive an HL module and 3 obesity prevention modules and a comparison arm that will receive a vaping module and 3 obesity prevention modules. A blinded randomized procedure will be used to allocate classrooms and advisory groups to the experimental and comparison arms. The intervention will be fully web-based. Participants will complete measures of their HL and obesogenic behavior–related health knowledge, motivation, and behaviors at 3 time points (baseline, 1 month after the intervention, and 3 months after the intervention) via web-based surveys. The primary outcomes will be the measures of study feasibility (recruitment, retention, completion, and treatment fidelity rates). Secondary outcomes will be preliminary efficacy, as measured by logistic and linear regressions and calculation of effect sizes. Descriptive statistics will be calculated for all measures at each time point. Results This study was approved by the City University of New York Institutional Review Board in August 2020. As of June 2022, the web-based intervention design is complete and ready for use. Recruitment, data collection, and intervention implementation are scheduled to begin in September 2022. These results are expected to be published in 2023. Conclusions This study’s feasibility findings will inform changes to the intervention content and randomized controlled trial design. The study’s efficacy findings will inform the sample size for the full-scale randomized controlled trial and the preliminary utility of the intervention. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04252677; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04252677 International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) PRR1-10.2196/40191