A Digital Peer Support Platform to Translate Online Peer Support for Emerging Adult Mental Well-being: Randomized Controlled Trial

Abstract

Background Emerging adulthood (ages 19 to 25 years) is a developmental phase that is marked by increased mental health conditions, especially depression and anxiety. A growing body of work indicates that digital peer emotional support has positive implications for the psychological functioning of emerging adults. There is burgeoning interest among health care professionals, educational stakeholders, and policy makers in understanding the implementation and clinical effectiveness, as well as the associated mechanism of change, of digital peer support as an intervention. Objective This randomized controlled trial (RCT) examined the effectiveness of a digital peer support intervention over a digital platform—Acceset—for emerging adult psychological well-being with 3 primary aims. First, we evaluated the implementation effectiveness of digital peer support training for individuals providing support (befrienders) and of the digital platform for peer support. Second, we assessed the clinical outcomes of digital peer support in terms of the intervening effect on emerging adult psychological well-being. Third, we investigated the mechanism of change linking the digital peer support intervention to emerging adult psychological well-being. Methods This RCT involving 100 emerging adults from the National University of Singapore follows the published protocol for this trial. Results This RCT found effectiveness in digital peer support training—specifically, befrienders’ peer support responses demonstrating significantly higher post- than pretraining scores in selfhood (posttraining score: mean 62.83, SD 10.18, and SE 1.72; pretraining score: mean 54.86, SD 7.32, and SE 1.24; t34=3.88; P<.001). The digital peer support intervention demonstrated clinical effectiveness in enhancing selfhood, compassion, and mindfulness and lowering depressive and anxiety symptoms among seekers in the intervention group after the intervention (mean 7.15, SD 5.14; SE 0.88) than among seekers in the waitlist control group before the intervention (mean 11.75, SD 6.72; SE 0.89; t89=3.44; P<.001). The effect of the intervention on seekers’ psychological well-being was sustained beyond the period of the intervention. The mechanism of change revealed that seekers’ engagement with the intervention had both immediate and prospective implications for their psychological well-being. Conclusions This RCT of a digital peer support intervention for emerging adult psychological well-being harnesses the interventional potential of 4 components of psychological well-being and elucidated a mechanism of change. By incorporating and validating the digital features and process of a peer support platform, our RCT provides the parameters and conditions for deploying an effective and novel digital peer support intervention for emerging adult psychological well-being in real-world settings. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05083676; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT05083676