An Evaluation of Long Non-coding RNAs in Cancer

Abstract

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) gradually play significant roles in many fundamental biological functions. These genetic elements are considered major components of transcripts and critical components of cancer cells. Most genetic alterations in cancer cells occur in comparatively long, non-protein-encoding areas typically translated into lncRNAs. LncRNAs have essential functions in the pathophysiology of human diseases, particularly in the genesis, advancement, and metastasis of tumors, acting as either tumor suppressor genes or oncogenes. As a correlation, understanding the function and dynamic activity of lncRNAs is thought of as de novo and a promising biomarker for cancer therapeutics. The existence of differentially expressed lncRNAs with functional diversity in diverse anaplastic changes makes them valid elements in monitoring cancer cells. The application of sophisticated genetic tools such as next-gene sequencing on cancer transcriptomes has discovered multiple lncRNA functions in the context of anaplastic changes. Various lncRNAs expressed in different phenotypic situations have been found using the following and third-generation sequencing methods; however, many still need to be appropriately identified. This review summarizes and discusses previous studies on the role of lncRNAs in cancer cells, and underscores the therapeutic strategies associated with cancer-related lncRNAs.