Affiliation:
1. Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Oakland University, Rochester, Michigan, USA.
2. Department of Mechanical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada.
Abstract
Antenna unit is an important part of ADAS L2, L2+
and Automated Driving L3 systems. It needs to function as
needed in dGPS, HD Map Correction Services, OEM Radios and
Navigation Systems. The presented monopole antenna model for
5G below 6 [GHz] operating at 3.3 [GHz] is developed. This work
demonstrates the modeling, design, and determining of monopole
antenna with intended targeted applications within the
automotive system emerging autonomous vehicles space and as
well as 5G Wireless Cellular Technology domain. FEKO
simulation is undertaken rather than mathematical modeling to
create the structure and conduct the analysis of the proposed
monopole antenna. In order to support the fifth generation (5G)
of wireless communication networks, SOS messages, vehicle
tracking, remote vehicle start, Advanced Driver Assistance
Systems (ADAS) L2, L2+/ Autonomous Driving (AD) L3 systems
self-driving vehicles powered by 5G with rapidly growing sets of
ADAS and AD features and functions within the autonomous
space, USA cellular carriers mobile phone communication
standard 4G MISO and 5G MIMO, LTE1, LTE2, connected
functions, features/services, IoT, DSRC, V2X, and C-V2X
applications and 5G enable vehicles destined for the NAFTA
(USA, Canada and Mexico) market, a new single monopole
antenna that operate at 3.3 [GHz] for future 5G (MIMO) below 6
[GHz] modeling, design and simulation with intended automotive
applicability and applications is proposed.
The presented novel new 5G below 6 [GHz] monopole
antenna:
1. Is not being investigated on the literatures review and
published papers studied.
2. No paper exists on these frequency bands.
3. The desired monopole antenna is a new antenna with fewer
components, reduction in size, low profile, competitive cost,
better response to received RF signals for frequencies for
future 5G below 6 [GHz] with each of the following:
a. Range of operating frequencies, 0.6 [GHz] to
5.9256 [GHz].
b. Center frequency = 3.2628 [GHz] ~ 3.3 [GHz] for
the above band.
c. Lambda (λ) = (3.0 x10^8 [m/sec^2]) / (3.3x10^9
[Hz]) = 0.090 [m] = 90 [mm], lambda (λ) /4 = (0.090
[m])/4 = 0.0225 [m] = 22.5 mm ~ 23 [mm], the overall
monopole antenna height.
To be more direct, simulation studies are carried out and are
done utilizing FEKO software package from Altair to model the
proposed monopole antenna for 5G below 6 [GHz] frequency
band. The focus is on the frequency band for 5G sub 6 [GHz]
cellular system.
The paper will introduce the following key points:
1. Modelled and anayzed single element 5G sub 6 [GHz]
monopole antenna.
2. Student version of CAD FEKO program was used to design
our desired monopole antenna with a wire feed excitation
coupled with step-by-step instructions is undertaken to
highlight the model geometry creation of our monopole
antenna. POST FEKO program is used to plot and view our
simulation results.
3. We report the development of 5G below 6 [GHz] for fifth
generation (5G) system that meets automotive and vehicle
homologation specification requirement of antenna height
< 70 [mm]. So that the proposed monopole antenna can
easly be integrated into multi tuned cellular antenna
system.
4. The FEKO simulation is conducted in 2D and 3D element
model, in terms of Far-Field Vertical Gain as a function of
an Elevation Angle plots.
5. Future research work and study for the next steps will be
recommended.
Publisher
Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering and Sciences Engineering and Sciences Publication - BEIESP
Subject
Computer Science Applications,General Engineering,Environmental Engineering
Reference8 articles.
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2. Constantine A. Balanis, "Advnaced Engineering Electromagnetics", United States of America: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1989, p. 1-7, 24-31.
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4. Chao Deng, Yong-junXie and Ping Li, "CPW-Fed Planar Printed Monopole Antenna With Impedance Bandwidth Enhanced", IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, Vol. 8, 2009.
5. Tao Hong, Shu-Xi Gong, Ying Liu and Wen Jiang, "Monopole Antenna With Quasi-Fractal Slotted Ground Plane for Dual-Band Applications, IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, Vol. 9, 2010.