Epidemioclinical profile and management of post thrombotic syndrome in Antananarivo

Abstract

Introduction: The post-thrombotic syndrome (PTS) is the most complication of deep vein thrombosis who deserves an early management. The aim of this study was to determine the epidemio-clinical profile and the management of PTS. Methods: This was a retrospective and descriptive study for a period of 6 years from January 2013 to December 2018, performed at the Cardiovascular Surgery Unit in JRA Teaching Hospital Antananarivo, including all patients who presented post-thrombotic syndrome after an acute episode of deep venous thrombosis. Results: 106 patients were recorded among 315 patients who presented an episode of DVT (33.65%) and 14110 patients admitted in this period (0.75%). The average age was 46.18 years old. There were 30 males (28.30%) and 76 female (71.69%). The most important risk factors of PTS were previous history of varicose veins (50%), sedentary lifestyle (45.28%), insufficiency of anticoagulant therapy (68.86%) and proximal DVT (47.16%). Delayed of diagnosis were greater than or equal to 2 years after an acute DVT in 86 patients (81.13%). The most clinical signs were edema (56.60%) and varicose veins (54.71%). According the Villalta’s score, PTS were mild in 48 patients (45.28%), moderate in 47 patients (44.33%) and severe in 11 patients (10.37%). Management was lifestyles change (45.28%), compression stockings (100%), anticoagulant therapy (100%) and surgical treatment (65.09%). Conclusion: The frequency of PTS was 33.65% in our study. PTS reduces quality of life of patients, but it can be avoided if the treatments of DVT are adapted. Keywords: Deep vein thrombosis, Post-thrombotic syndrome, Epidemiology, Management