Immunomodulatory Effect of Sodium Saccharin and Potassium Acesulfame in BALB/C Mice in Short-Term Trials

Abstract

Introduction: Sweeteners are molecules that give a sweet taste to a foodstuff. The question of the correct use of sweeteners is still being studied because the results of investigations are often contradictory. Objective: the current study aims at evaluating the risk of short-term immunotoxicity induced by sodium saccharin and potassium acesulfame in BALB/c mice. Methods: Animals are given low concentrations of sweeteners (0%, 0.5%, 1%, 2%) in drinking water for 90 days. During this period, a subcutaneous immunization is conducted. Blood is taken from the retro-orbital sinus and the animals are sacrificed by cervical dislocation. Weight measurements and histological studies have involved spleen, thymus, bladder and lungs. Levels of immunoglobulins are measured by reversed single radial immunodiffusion. Results: A significant rise in the consumption of sweeteners is found in the groups receiving doses of 1% and 2% (p<0.05). Organ weight is not affected in both sexes (p>0.05). Histology shows no tissue abnormality of thymus and lungs in groups consuming sweeteners. However, histological disturbances of the spleen are observed in mice that have received the dose of 2%. Histological study of bladder has revealed hyperplasia in the groups receiving 1% and 2% of sweeteners. Immunodiffusion assay shows no change in immunoglobulin levels in the groups consuming sweeteners (p>0.05). Conclusion: Sweeteners have adverse effects on the immune system in BALB/c mice and induce histological abnormalities in the spleen and bladder. Keywords: Sweeteners, Saccharin, Potassium Acesulfame, Immunotoxicity, Immunoglobulins, Reversed single Radial Immunodiffusion.