ANALYSIS OF PROPOLIS STINGLESS BEE BIOACTIVE COMPOUNDS FROM SEVERAL REGIONS IN INDONESIA

Abstract

Objective: Propolis is a bee product collected by honeybees from a resinous substance of various plant sources. Its antioxidant activities are different from various geographic origins. This study aimed to analyze bioactive compounds by lC-MS/MS, compare antioxidant activity total phenolic and flavonoid contents in stingless bee propolis samples from several regions in Indonesia. Methods: The propolis samples were taken from stingless bee hives of Tetragonula clypearis from Sumbawa, Tetragonula laeviceps from Magelang, Tetragonula biroi from Bogor, and Geniotrigona thoracica from South Kalimantan). Analysis of bioactive compounds was identified by lC-MS/MS. The quantification of the chemical compound determined its total phenolics and flavonoid (TPC and TFC) contents. The antioxidant activity was determined by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging assay. Results: The results of this study obtained 10 compounds from G. thoracica, 8 compounds each from T. laeviceps and T. biroi, and 7 compounds from T. clypearis. The results of TPC was ranging from 57.24±5.35 to 139.39±15.79 mg GAE/g. The TFC was ranging from 22.13±0.79 to 37.20±3.63 mg QE/g. With the highest TPC and TFC was propolis of G. thoracica. The IC50 of antioxidant activity was ranging from 11.12 to 162.72 ppm. Conclusion: The compounds contained in propolis T. clypearis, T. laeviceps, G. thoracica and T. biroi have a potential as a new herbal candidate as antioxidant agents.