INTERACTION EFFECT OF APIS TRIGONA HONEY, ETHANOLIC EXTRACTS KEMUNING (MURRAYA PANICULATE), YAKON (SMALLANTHUS SONCHIFOLIUS) AND THEIR COMBINATION AGAINST STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS INFECTIONS

Abstract

Objective: This study was investigated the antibacterial interaction of Murraya paniculate extract, Smallanthus sonchifolius extract, Apis trigona honey and their combinations for their interaction effect against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213. Methods: All extracts and honey were evaluated for antibacterial interaction effects both alone and in combination. The disk diffusion method was employed with clindamycin phosphate as the standard antibiotic. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the most potent extract was determined using microdilution assays and performed in line with CLSI guidelines. Results: Among all, S. sonchifolius extract provided the most effective inhibitory activity in higher inhibition than clindamycin phosphate with the range MIC value of 12.5-25% w/v. However, significant different interactions (synergistic, additive and antagonistic) were observed between honey and plant crude extracts. The S. sonchifolius extract displayed additive interaction with M. paniculate extract but antagonistic with A. trigona honey. The antagonistic interaction also produced when M. paniculate extract combined with A. trigona honey. Consequently, their total combination of all tested sample produced an additive interaction. Conclusion: Thus, we concluded that their combination was ineffective to be used as the antibacterial cocktails against S. aureus infections.