Author:
SHUKLA AJAY KUMAR,MISRA SAURAV
Abstract
Orthopoxvirus infections caused by pathogenic agents require therapeutic intervention. Animal models of orthopoxvirus disease are crucial for assessing the effectiveness of antiviral medications and determining the right dose and duration of treatment in the absence of disease-affected individuals. Antiviral drugs for the treatment of severe orthopoxvirus infections have been developed as a result of research on smallpox preparedness. Concerns for the public's health have been raised by the monkeypox virus, a new zoonotic orthopoxvirus that can infect humans and produce a serious, contagious illness. An infection with the monkeypox virus causes a systemic, febrile rash condition that resembles smallpox in many ways. Monkeypox virus is an emergent human pathogen. It can nonetheless result in severe morbidity and mortality in humans while being less deadly than smallpox. In this review, we have explored a new antiviral drug, Tecovirmat. This drug prevents the development of the extracellular enveloped virus required for cell-to-cell transmission. It acts by limiting the production of egress-competent enveloped virions, which are necessary for the virus's spread within the host, by decreasing the action of the orthopoxvirus VP37 envelope-wrapping protein. It was approved by US-FDA for the treatment of smallpox as per Animal Rule, which bases marketing approval on a product's effectiveness in pertinent animal models.
Publisher
Innovare Academic Sciences Pvt Ltd
Reference34 articles.
1. European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control. Factsheet Health Prof on Monkeypox. Available from: https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/en/all-topics-z/monkeypox/factsheet-health-professionals#:~:text=The%20pathogen,%2Drelated%20poxviruses%20%5B2%5D. [Last accessed on 21 Sep 2022]
2. Merchlinsky M, Albright A, Olson V, Schiltz H, Merkeley T, Hughes C. The development and approval of tecoviromat (TPOXX®), the first antiviral against smallpox. Antiviral Res. 2019 Aug;168:168-74. doi: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2019.06.005, PMID 31181284.
3. Choudhary G, Prabha PK, Gupta S, Prakash A, Medhi B. Monkeypox infection: a quick glance. Indian J Pharmacol. 2022;54(3):161-4. doi: 10.4103/ijp.ijp_400_22, PMID 35848685.
4. Grosenbach DW, Honeychurch K, Rose EA, Chinsangaram J, Frimm A, Maiti B. Oral tecovirimat for the treatment of smallpox. N Engl J Med. 2018 Jul 5;379(1):44-53. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1705688, PMID 29972742.
5. Smith SK, Self J, Weiss S, Carroll D, Braden Z, Regnery RL. Effective antiviral treatment of systemic orthopoxvirus disease: ST-246 treatment of prairie dogs infected with monkeypox virus. J Virol. 2011 Sep;85(17):9176-87. doi: 10.1128/JVI.02173-10, PMID 21697474.