1. Chadwick, H. M., The Cult of Othin: An Essay in the Ancient Religion of the North (London: C. J. Clay, 1899; rpt. Stockholm: Looking Glass Press, 1994).
2. Ciklamini, M., ‘Óðinn and the Giants’, Neophilologus 46 (1962), 145–58.
3. Ciklamini, M., ‘Journeys to the Giant-Kingdom’, SS 40 (1968), 95–110.
4. Eldevik, R., ‘Less Than Kind: Giants in Germanic Tradition’, in T. Shippey, ed., The Shadow-Walkers: Jacob Grimm’s Mythology of the Monstrous (Turnhout: Brepols, 2005), pp. 83–110.
5. Risking One’s Head: Vafþrúðnismál and the Mythic Power of Poetry;Finlay, Alison,2011